Abstract
Ti:Al₂O₃ optical windows are advanced engineered materials
combining the superior hardness of alumina (Mohs 9) with
titanium-enhanced optical performance. Synthesized via
high-temperature melting and precision doping, these windows
exhibit exceptional transmittance (≥92% in visible spectrum) and
UV-induced blue fluorescence (450nm peak). Key advantages include
extreme durability (Vickers hardness 2300-2800 MPa),
high-temperature resistance (up to 1800°C), and corrosion/radiation
stability (pH 1-13, γ-ray attenuation <0.5%). Designed for
industrial and scientific applications, they optimize performance
in semiconductor lithography (sub-3nm alignment), LiDAR systems
(-40°C–85°C operation), and high-power lasers (1064nm, 10kW/cm²).
Cost-effective and customizable, Ti:Al₂O₃ windows redefine
reliability for cutting-edge optical systems.
Company Introduction
Our company, ZMSH, has been a prominent player in the semiconductor
industry for over a decade, boasting a professional team of factory experts and sales
personnel. We specialize in providing customized sapphire wafer
solutions, offering both tailored designs and OEM services to meet diverse
client needs. At ZMSH, we are committed to delivering products that excel in
both price and quality, ensuring customer satisfaction at every
stage. We invite you to contact us for more information or to
discuss your specific requirements.
Optical windows Tecnical Parameters
| Property | Value |
| Chemical formula | Ti3+ Al2O3 |
| Crystal structure | hexagonal |
| Orientation | A-Axis within 5°,E-vector parallel to C-Axis |
| Mass density | 3.98 g/cm3 |
| Moh hardness | 9 |
| Young's modulus | 335 GPa |
| Tensile strength | 400 MPa |
| Melting point | 2040 °C |
| Thermal conductivity | 33 W / (m K) |
| Thermal expansion coefficient | ≈ 5 × 10-6K-1 |
| Thermal shock resistance parameter | 790 W/m |
| Refractive index at 633 nm | 1.76 |
| Temperature dependence of refractive index | 13 × 10-6K-1 |
| Ti density for 0.1% at. doping | 4.56 × 1019 cm-3 |
| Concentrations | (0.05~0.35) wt% |
| End Configuration | Flat/Flat or Brewster/Brewster ends |
| Emission cross section at 790 nm (polarization parallel to the c
axis) | 41 × 10-20 cm2 |
| Coatings | Standard coating is AR with R < 5.0% each face @532 nm and R
< 0.5% each face, from 650 nm to 850 nm. Custom coatings
supported. |
Optical windows Applications
Semiconductor Manufacturing
- EUV Lithography: Used as protective windows in extreme ultraviolet (EUV)
lithography systems, ensuring <0.001dB/cm absorption at 13.5nm
for sub-3nm chip fabrication.
- Wafer Inspection: High transmittance (>92% at 193nm) enables precise optical
inspection of nanoscale defects.
Laser Systems
- High-Power Lasers: Serve as output windows in fiber/YAG lasers (1064-1550nm),
withstanding 10kW/cm² power density and minimal thermal lensing.
- Tunable Lasers: Ti³+ ions enable broadband emission (650-1100nm) for ultrafast
laser amplification.
Automotive LiDAR
- LiDAR Windows: Operate in -40°C to 85°C environments, maintaining >90%
transmittance at 905/1550nm wavelengths for autonomous driving
systems.
Aerospace & Defense
- IR Windows: Low IR absorption (<0.1% at 10.6μm) for missile guidance and
satellite observation systems.
- Radiation-Hardened Optics: Withstand >500kGy gamma radiation, critical for space and
nuclear applications.
Medical Devices
- Endoscope Lenses: Biocompatible and scratch-resistant, supporting 4K imaging in
minimally invasive surgery.
- Laser Surgery: High damage threshold (>50J/cm²) for CO₂ and Nd:YAG surgical
lasers.
Consumer Electronics
- AR/VR Displays: Enable anti-reflective, durable touchscreens with integrated
gesture recognition.
- Smartphone Cameras: Protect high-end lenses with hardness 9 and anti-fingerprint
coatings.
Product Display - ZMSH
Optical windows FAQ
Q: What are the key advantages of Ti:Al₂O₃ windows compared to
traditional materials?
A: Ti:Al₂O₃ windows combine exceptional hardness, high-temperature
resistance, and superior optical clarity. They outperform glass and
standard sapphire in durability while offering customizable
features like UV fluorescence or anti-reflective coatings.
Q: In what industries are these windows commonly used?
A: They are widely adopted in semiconductor manufacturing, laser
systems, autonomous vehicles, aerospace, medical devices, and
consumer electronics due to their reliability in extreme
environments.
Q: Are they cost-effective compared to natural sapphire?
A: Absolutely. Synthetic production reduces costs significantly while
maintaining or exceeding the performance of natural alternatives.
Q: Are there limitations in size or thickness?
A: Modern manufacturing allows large-scale and ultra-thin designs.
Discuss your specifications with our team for feasibility.
